Introduction to Steam Turbines and Pumps

Unit conversions

Length

meter
m
centimeter
cm
millimeter
mm
inch
in
feet
ft
yard
yd
1 100 1000 39.37 3.2808 1.0936
0.01 1 10 0.3937 0.03208 0.010936
0.001 0.1 1 0.03937 0.003208 0.0010936
0.0254 2.54 25.4 1 0.083333 0.027778
0.3084 30.48 304.8 12 1 0.33333
0.9144 91.44 914.4 36 3 1

1μ(micron)= 10-6m 1 nautical mile = 1852m
1Å(angstrom) = 0.1nm = 100pm = 10-10m 1mile = 1609.3m

Area

square meter
m2
square centimeter
cm2
square inch
in2
square foot
ft2
square yard
yd2
1 1 X 104 1550.0 10.764 1.1960
1 X 10-4 1 0.155500 0.0010764 1.1960 X 10-4
6.4516 X 10-4 6.4516 1 0.0069444 7.7160 X 10-4
0.092903 929.03 144 1 0.11111
0.83613 8361.3 1296 9 1

1ha (hectare) = 104m2 1a (are) = 100m2 1A (acre) = 4056.9m2

Volume, capacity

cubic meter (kiloliter)
m3(kl)
cubic centimeter
cm3
cubic foot
ft3
U.S. gallon
U.S.gal
Imperial gallon
IMPgal
1 1 X 106 35.315 264.18 219.98
1 X 10-6 1 3.5315 X 10-5 2.6418 X 10-4 2.1998 X 10-4
0.028317 2.8317 X 104 1 7.4807 6.2290
0.0037853 3785.3 0.13368 1 0.83268
0.0045460 4.5460 0.16054 1.2009 1

1cc (cubic centimeter) = 10-6m3 1yd3 (cubic yard) = 0.7645m3
1 U.S.gal= 3.7853291 l 1IMPgal = 4.5459631 l

Mass

kilogram
kg
pound
lb
short (U.S.) ton
sh.t(A.t)
long (Imperial) ton
l.t(B.t)
1 2.2046 0.0011023 9.8420 X 10-4
0.4536 1 5 X 10-4 4.4643 X 10-4
907.194 2000 1 0.89285
1016.1 2240 1.12 1

1t (metric ton) = 1000kg 1oz (ounce) = 28.350g 1car or ct (carat) = 0.2g

Density

kilogram per meter cube (gram per liter) gram per liter (gram per cubic centimeter) pound per cubic inch bound per cubic foot pound per cubic foot
kg/m3(g/l) kg/l(g/cm3) lb/in3 lb/ft3 lb/ft3
1 0.001 3.6127 X 10-5 0.062428 0.0083452
1000 1 0.036127 62.428 8.3452
27680 27.68 1 1728 230.99
16.018 0.016018 5.787 X 10-4 1 0.13368
119.83 0.11983 0.0043291 7.4807 1

Power

newton
N
dyne
dyn
kilogram-force
kgf
ton-force
tf
1 1 X 105 0.10197 1.0197 X 10-4
1 X 10-5 1 1.0197 X 10-6 1.0197 X 10-9
9.8067 9.8067 X 105 1 0.001
9806.7 9.8067 X 108 1000 1

Pressure

pascal
Pa
bar
bar
kilogram-force per square centimeter
kgf/cm2
pound per square inch
lb/in2(PSI)
standard atmosphere
atm
meters of water
mH2O(mAq)
millimeters of mercury (Torr)
mmHg(Torr)
1 1 X 10-5 1.0197 X 10-5 1.4504 X 10-4 9.8692 X 10-6 1.0197 X 10-4 0.0075006
1 X 105 1 1.0197 14.504 0.98692 10.197 750.06
9.8067 X 104 0.98067 1 14.223 0.96784 10 750.06
6894.8 0.068948 0.070307 1 0.068046 0.70307 51.715
1.0133 X 105 1.0133 1.0332 14.696 1 10.332 760.00
9806.7 0.098067 0.1 1.4223 0.096784 1 73.556
133.32 0.0013332 0.0013590 0.019337 0.0013158 0.013595 1

Flow rate

cubic meter per second
m3/s
cubic meter per minute
m3/min
U.S. gallon per minute
U.S. gal/min
Imperial gallon per minute
IMP gal/min
1 60 15851 1.3199 X 104
0.016667 1 264.18 219.98
6.3088 X 10-5 0.0037853 1 0.83268
7.5766 X 10-5 0.0045460 1.2009 1

N.B. L may be used where l may be confused with something else.

Power, motive power

kilowatt
kW
kilogram-force meter per second
kgf・m/s
metric horse power
PS
mechanical horse power
HP
kilocalorie per second
kcal/s
feet pound per second
ft・lb/s
1 101.97 1.3596 1.3405 0.23889 737.55
0.0098067 1 0.013333 0.013146 0.0023427 7.2329
0.7355 75 1 0.98592 0.17570 542.47
0.746 76.071 1.0143 1 0.17821 550.21
4.1861 426.86 5.6914 5.6113 1 3087.4
0.0013558 0.13826 0.0018434 0.0018175 3.2390 X 10-4 1

Work, energy, quantity of heat

joule
J
kilowatt hourkW・h kilogram-force meterkgf・m metric horse power hour
PS・h
mechanical horse power hour
HP・h
kilocalorie
kcal
foot pound
ft・lb
1 2.7778 X 10-7 0.10197 3.7767 X 10-7 3.7236 X 10-7 2.3889 X 10-4 0.73755
3.6 X 106 1 3.6710 X 105 1.3596 1.3405 860.00 2.6552 X 106
2.7241 X 10-7 1 3.7037 X 10-6 3.6516 X 10-6 0.0023427 10 7.2329
2.6478 X 106 0.7355 2.7000 X 105 1 0.98592 632,53 1.9529 X 106
2.6856 X 106 0.746 2.7385 X 105 1.0143 1 641.56 1.9808 X 106
4186.1 0.0011628 426.86 0.0015810 0.0015587 1 3087.4
1.3558 3.7662 X 10-7 0.13826 5.1206 X 10-7 5.0486 X 10-7 3.2390 X 10-4 1

Speed, velocity

meter per second
m/s
meter per minute
m/min
kilometer per hour
km/h
foot per second
ft/s
mile per hour
mile/h
knot
Kn
1 60 3.6 3.2808 2.2370 1.9438
0.016667 1 0.06 0.054681 0.037283 0.032397
0.27778 16.667 1 0.91134 0.62139 0.53996
0.3048 18.288 1.0973 1 0.68185 0.59248
0.44703 26.822 1.6093 1.4666 1 0.86895
0.51444 30.867 1.852 1.6878 1.1508 1

Viscosity

pascal second
Pa・s

centipoise
cP

poise
P

1

1000

10

0.001

1

0.01

0.1

100

1

1 Pa・s = 1 N・s/m2 1cP = 1 mPa・s
1P = 1dyn・s/cm2=1g/cm・s

Kinematic viscosity

square meter per second
m2/s
centistokes
cSt
stokes
St
1 1 X 106 1 X 104
1 X 10-6 1 0.01
1 X 10-4 100 1

Unit symbols and unit conversion figures are in accordance with SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units (JIS Z8203).
Unit conversion figures for U.S. and Imperial gallons are in accordance with the unit conversion table in the JIS Handbook Non-Ferrous Metals & Metallurgy (1992).

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